Targeted Therapy
About Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy is a modern, advanced form of cancer treatment that uses specific drugs or other substances to precisely target and attack cancer cells, while minimizing damage to healthy cells. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, which affects both cancerous and healthy cells, targeted therapy focuses on the molecular and genetic changes in cancer cells, offering a more personalized approach to treatment.
At Landmark Cancer Centre, we offer the latest targeted therapies to treat various types of cancer. Our expert oncologists tailor treatment plans based on the individual characteristics of your cancer, ensuring the most effective and less toxic treatment options available.
Causes of Cancer & the Role of Targeted Therapy
Cancer arises when cells in the body begin to grow uncontrollably, often due to mutations or changes in the DNA of those cells. These changes can be caused by several factors, including:
- Genetic mutations inherited from parents
- Environmental factors like smoking, exposure to toxins, or radiation
- Age-related cellular changes
Targeted therapy aims to interfere with the specific molecular processes that lead to cancer cell growth and survival. By identifying and targeting these abnormalities, targeted therapy can block the growth and spread of cancer cells more effectively than traditional treatments.
Types of Targeted Therapy
There are several types of targeted therapy, each focusing on specific cancer cell characteristics. The main types include:
1. Monoclonal Antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies are lab-made molecules designed to bind to specific targets on cancer cells. They work by marking the cancer cells for destruction or by blocking signals that help cancer cells grow.
2. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs)
TKIs block the action of enzymes (tyrosine kinases) that promote the growth of cancer cells. They are used in the treatment of cancers like leukemia, lung cancer, and gastrointestinal tumors.
3. Angiogenesis Inhibitors
These drugs prevent the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), which cancer cells need to grow and spread. By cutting off the blood supply, angiogenesis inhibitors can slow down tumor growth.
4. Proteasome Inhibitors
Proteasome inhibitors block the activity of proteasomes, which are enzymes responsible for breaking down proteins that regulate cell functions. In cancer, these enzymes can help tumors survive, so inhibiting them can cause cancer cells to die.
Symptoms of Cancer That Targeted Therapy Can Help Address
The symptoms of cancer vary widely depending on the type and location of the tumor. However, some common symptoms may include:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Chronic fatigue or weakness
- Pain or discomfort in specific areas of the body
- Abnormal lumps or swelling
- Changes in skin or bowel habits
Targeted therapy can help reduce symptoms by shrinking tumors, reducing cancer cell proliferation, and minimizing the side effects often associated with traditional treatments.
Diagnosis of Cancer and Targeted Therapy Options
Before recommending targeted therapy, an oncologist will conduct several tests to confirm the diagnosis and understand the genetic and molecular makeup of the cancer. Common diagnostic methods include:
- Biopsy: Removing a sample of tissue from the tumor for examination
- Genetic Testing: Analyzing cancer cells for specific mutations or alterations
- Imaging Tests: CT scans, MRIs, or PET scans to locate and assess tumors
Once diagnosed, the treatment plan will be customized based on the tumor’s molecular characteristics, ensuring the best possible outcome through targeted therapy.
Treatment with Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy is generally administered through:
- Oral Medications: Pills or capsules taken daily
- Intravenous (IV) Infusions: Administered at regular intervals in a hospital or clinic setting
The treatment duration and frequency depend on the type of cancer, the specific therapy being used, and how the patient responds to treatment. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, patients often experience fewer and milder side effects. However, side effects such as nausea, fatigue, skin rashes, or liver problems may still occur and will be closely monitored.